不同的行業(yè)和領(lǐng)域?qū)︿X板的性能要求也不同，在機(jī)械加工等行業(yè)，對鋁板的硬度要求特別嚴(yán)格，這就要求在鋁板生產(chǎn)過程中進(jìn)行硬化處理，以提高鋁板的硬度，達(dá)到性能要求。目前主流的加工方法有兩種，分別是加工強(qiáng)化和固溶強(qiáng)化，下面分別對兩種方法作簡單介紹：
Different industries and fields have different performance requirements for aluminum plate. In machining and other industries, the hardness requirements for aluminum plate are particularly strict, which requires hardening treatment in the production process of aluminum plate to improve the hardness of aluminum plate and meet the performance requirements. At present, there are two mainstream processing methods, namely processing strengthening and solid solution strengthening
加工強(qiáng)化鋁板
Processing strengthened aluminum plate
加工強(qiáng)化也稱冷作硬化，就是鋁板在再結(jié)晶溫度以下冷變形加工如鍛造、壓延、拉拔、拉伸等，冷變形時(shí)，鋁板內(nèi)部位錯密度增大，且相互纏結(jié)并形成胞狀結(jié)構(gòu)，阻礙位錯運(yùn)動。
Work hardening, also known as cold work hardening, is the cold deformation of aluminum plate below the recrystallization temperature, such as forging, calendering, drawing, stretching, etc. during cold deformation, the dislocation density in aluminum plate increases, and entangles with each other to form cellular structure, which hinders the dislocation movement.

變形度越大位錯纏結(jié)越嚴(yán)重，變形抗力越大，強(qiáng)度越高。冷變形后強(qiáng)化的程度隨變形度、變形溫度及材料本身的性質(zhì)而不同。同一材料在同一溫度下冷變形時(shí)，變形度越大則強(qiáng)度越高，塑性則越低。
The larger the deformation degree is, the more serious the dislocation entanglement is, the greater the deformation resistance is, and the higher the strength is. The degree of strengthening after cold deformation varies with the deformation degree, deformation temperature and the properties of the material itself. When the same material is cold deformed at the same temperature, the greater the deformation, the higher the strength and the lower the plasticity.
固溶強(qiáng)化鋁板
Solution strengthened aluminum plate
在純鋁中添加某些合金元素形成無限固溶體或有限固溶體，不僅能獲得高的強(qiáng)度，而且還能獲得的塑性與良好的壓力加工性能。在一般鋁板中固溶強(qiáng)化常用的合金元素是銅、鎂、錳、鋅、硅、鎳等元素。
It can not only form good solid solution with limited pressure or high plasticity, but also obtain good solid solution properties. Copper, magnesium, manganese, zinc, silicon, nickel and other elements are commonly used in solution strengthening of general aluminum plate.
一般鋁板的合金化都形成有限的固溶體，二元合金均形成有限固溶體，并且都有較大的極限溶解度能起較大的固溶強(qiáng)化效果。
In general, the alloying of aluminum plate forms limited solid solution, and the binary alloy forms limited solid solution, and all of them have higher limit solubility, which can play a greater solid solution strengthening effect.
經(jīng)過強(qiáng)化的鋁板，其硬度性能都會得到明顯提升，但是其硬度無法一直提升下去；當(dāng)達(dá)到硬度上限的時(shí)候，無論何種方法，都無法繼續(xù)提高鋁板的硬度，只能選擇基礎(chǔ)硬度就更高的牌號。
After strengthening, the hardness performance of aluminum plate will be significantly improved, but its hardness can not be improved all the time; when it reaches the upper limit of hardness, no matter what method, it can not continue to improve the hardness of aluminum plate, only choose the brand with higher basic hardness.